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Drug Information
Pharmacokinetics
| Indication
& Dosage | Action
| Interactions
Adverse
Effect & Precautions |
Brands available in Market
Pharmacokinetics
Acyclovir when given orally
is poorly absorbed with bio-availability of 15% to 30%. Its level in the
CSF is 50% of that in the plasma. When given IV it raises the serum
creatinine and urea level. It penetrates the cornea well. It is excreted
unchanged in urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Plasma half life is 2-3 hours.
Indication
& Dosage
Oral :
Herpes simplex initial therapy : 200mg 5 times daily for 10
days.
Herpes simplex Chronic suppressive therapy : 200-400mg 2 to 4 times
daily for 12 months. Re-evaluate before continuation of therapy.
Herpes Zoster : 800mg 5 times daily at 4 hrs intervals for
7-10days.
Varicela Zoster : 20mg/kg (not more than 800mg) 4 times daily for 5
days.
Children : Under 2 years should be given half of these doses.
Elderly : Dosage may also be reduced as required.
IV Infusion :
Herpes Simplex Encephalitics : 10mg/kg infused at constant rate over 1
hour every 8 hrs for 10 days.
Children : Under 12 yrs 500mg/m2 infused over 1 hr. every 8 hrs of 10
days.
Varicella Zoster Infections : 10mg/kg infused at constant rate over 1 hour
every 8 hrs. for 7 days in adults with normal renal function.
Children : 6 months to 12 years 500mg/m2 infused over 1hr. every 8
hrs. for 7 days.
Severe Episodes of Herpes Genitalis : 5mg/kg infused over 1 hr. every
8 hrs. for 5 days in adults.
Children : Under 12 years 250mg/m2 infused over 1 hr. every 8 hours
for 5 days.
Note : In patients with acute or chronic renal impairment
acyclovir dosage should be based on estimated creatinine clearance(cc).
Action
Acyclovir exerts a highly sensitive inhibitory action
against herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Varicella-Zoster virus, Epstein-Bar
virus and cytomegalovirus. The enzymes thymidine Kinases(TK) in
virus-infected but not uninfected cells initiates the activation of
acyclovir into the tirphosphate. The interferes with viral DNA polymerase
and inhibits viral duplication.
Interaction
Drugs like Carmustine,
Cisplatin, Cyclosporine, Deferoxamine, Gold salts, Lithium, Methotrexate,
Penicillamine, Plicamycin, Streptozocin and Tiopronin when used along
with Acyclovir may increase the chance for adverse effects, especially
when renal disease is present.
Adverse
Effect & Precaution
Superficial punctate
keratopathy, stinging sensation in the eyes.
In renal disease there may be an
increase in the blood levels of acyclovir thus increasing the chance of
adverse effects. In those with Nervous system disorders Acyclovir when
given IV may increase the chance for neurological side
effects[tremors,hallucinations,convulsions and coma]. Special
precautions should be taken in pregnancy.
Acivir DT
Cipla
DIS-TAB
200mg
10
54.50
DIS-TAB
400mg
5
52.00
DIS-TAB
800mg
5
93.50
Cyclovir
Cadila Healthcare
TAB
200mg
58
184.25
Herperax
Micro Labs
Cream
5% w/w
5g
36.00
TAB
200mg
10
50.00
TAB
200mg
3
7.60
Herpex
Torrent
TAB
200mg
10
65.90
Hevir
SOL
TAB
200mg
10
100.00
Lovir
Eli Lilly Ranbaxy
TAB
200mg
5
60.00
TAB
400mg
5
108.00
TAB
800mg
5
198.00
Ocuvir
FDC
SUSP
400mg/5ml
60ml
89.90
TAB
200mg
10
52.50
TAB
400mg
5
49.50
TAB
800mg
5
89.50
Ridoherp
RPG
TAB
200mg
10
60.00
VIR INJ
Troikaa
INJ
250.0mg
VIAL
400.00
Zovirax
Burroughs Wellcome
TAB
200mg
25
383.75
Zovirax I.V.
Burroughs Wellcome
INJ-IV
250mg
VIAL
600.00
