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• Y Shauly, B Miller, E Meyer (Rambam Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Inst of Technology, Haifa).
  Clinical Characterisitcs and Long-term Postoperative Results of Infantile Esotropia and myopia.
  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 34: 357-364, 1997.
     
  Patients with infantile esotropia and high myopia had significant large-angle deviation, significantly poorer response to surgery, persistent amblyopia and worse visual acuity. Recession or resection of muscles should be increased in these patients.
     
  In the long run, the constant efforts to create accommodative convergence cause the esotropia to recur.
      

• L Apt, I Voo, Isenberg SJ, (Harbor-Univ of California, Los Angeles)
  A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Nonsteroidal Eyedrop of Diclofenac After Strabismus Surgery.    Ophthalmology 105:1448-1454, 1998.
       
  In controlling inflammation and discomfort, topical diclofenac proved as effective as prednisolone in the first week after strabismus surgery, with less delay in incisional wound healing. The analgesic effect of diclofenac is caused by its decreasing prostaglandin levels and prevention of a concurrent rise in leukotriene levels.

  
       

• E. Birch, for the Paediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (Retina Found of  the Southwest, Dallas; et al). The Natural history of Infantile Esotropia During the First Six Months of Life.
  J AAPOS 2: 325-328, 1998.

  
    
  Human and animal investigations support the strategy of early surgery in patients with esotropia.
     
  Children who underwent surgical treatment at age 6 months had a greater incidence of coarse stereopsis than those who underwent alignment at 7 to 15 months.
       

• Helen A Mintz-Hittner, Kristina M Fernandez (Dept. of Ophthal & Visual Science, Univ. of Texas Houston Medical School.
  Successful Amblyopia Therapy Initiated After Age 7 years.
  Arch Ophthalmol, Nov.2000; 118: 1535-1541.
    
  A consecutive series of 36 compliant children older than 7 years, were treated by (1) full-time standard occlusion {21 patients};   (2) Total penalization {7 patients} or (3) full-time occlusive contact lenses {8 patients}
    
  The authors found that given compliance, therapy for anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia can be successful even if initiated after the age of 7 years.